فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 32 (پاییز 1398)

Many of the challenges of implementing and evaluating public policies in Iran’s civil servicescould be prevented by reflecting on their effectiveness at the planning and shapingpolicy. Today, regarding the multidimensional nature of phenomena and problems of thepublic service sector and the failures and dissatisfactions produced in this area, the necessityof aligning these policies with the comprehensive rationales being effective on policyformulation becomes more apparent. The experts have adopted various value, political,economic, legal, and professional factors as useful indices in formulating public policies.To develop a scientific approach and fully understand the critical elements, this study aimsto outline the essential foundations of success in Iranian public service policymaking.Therefore, after studying the civil service requirements and policy literature and the scrollsurvey with the Delphi and Panel method, the views of 21 experts familiar with the subjectwere received, and based on them, the dimensions and components of the subject wereidentified and approved. The results show that policymakers should consider 28 componentsclassified in the five dimensions of the rationales mentioned in Snellen, Ignace(2002) in planning Iran’s public services policies and preventing one-dimensional viewand failure in this sector

Institutions and their related organizations strongly influence the speed and direction ofeconomic growth. Consequently, they are regarded as a major factor for growth. Entrepreneurshipis also known to be an important driving force for economic growth. Withthis regard, any action to direct and strengthen productive activities is an important consideration.Hence, it is important to devise effective instruments to influence the entrepreneurialactivities in a productive way. Institutions, entrepreneurship and their interrelationshiphave a considerable influence on economic growth. This work is concernedwith the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship and the way in whichthey interact. To this end, this study employs established methods and presents a frameworkto determine the way in which they influence each other. Furthermore, the experienceof other countries is used to propose a strategy for Iran in relation to institutions andentrepreneurship. The investigation uses empirical data to determine the coefficients requiredin the proposed model. The output of the proposed model shows that there is apositive relationship between entrepreneurship and the strength of institutions.

Russian-Turkish relations from the time of the Empires to the last decade can best beinterpreted as a sinusoidal relationship swinging from cooperation to conflict. However,since Putin and Erdogan came to power, despite some challenges, the economicties between the two countries have grown tremendously. Some believe that this economiccooperation could provide the basis for achieving a strategic partnership at thepolitical level. Based on this assumption, the primary question of this paper to evaluatethe realistic assertion that “the economy does not extend to politics“ is whether theimprovement of the political-security relations between Turkey and Russia is affectedby the economic cooperation between the two countries. The findings of the researchusing the descriptive-analytical method show that, in accordance with realism, economicrelations have been an essential factor in closing two countries to each other,but these relations will never pave the way for improving the political ties. The reasonhas been the domination of strategic and political context over the economy. Despitethis privilege, realism is analytically weak because of ignoring some non-politicalfacilitating reasons for improving Turkish-Russian bilateral relations.

It is logical that with industrial growth, the demand for labor will rise. Therefore, examining the employment potential of the industry can be helpful in policymaking. In this study, the relationship between employment and value added of industrial sector in Iran's economy during the years 1981-2017 was investigated using Time-Varying method and spatial-state model and the effect of value added on employment in all years was extracted. According to the results, added value and employment in the industrial sector have a negative relationship with each other, which means that there is condition of the jobless growth in the industrial sector in Iran. So that in 2017, employment will decrease by 1.14 percent, assuming the other variables remain constant, with a 1 percent increase in the real value added of the industrial sector. Wages and trade have also had a negative impact on employment in the industry over the years. The wage impact factor on employment in the industrial sector is -0.06 percent. Also for a dollar increase in industrial import value assuming other variables remain constant decline of 7.38×10-7 in industrial sector employment. According to the results, exports and employment have against effect on each other, such that, for a $ 1 increase in the value of exports of industrial goods in Iran, assuming the other variables are stable, employment is decease by 1.58×10-6. According to the findings of this study, foreign direct investment in industry has a positive and significant effect on employment in this sector.

This Article tries to assess the efficacy of the policies concerning homelessness in Iran. Alongwith analyzing laws, through a case study we have investigated documents and statistics of ahomeless shelter, and finally the profile of one homeless case to assess the effectiveness of thepolicies. Findings show that there are serious shortages in policies regarding homelessness.These few laws are not enacted correctly and they are not effective in reality and can’t helphomeless people to get out of homelessness circle. The laws have no principled conception ofhomelessness and have not conceptualized the steps of combating homelessness clearly. Also,the institutions and organization which must participate do not participate completely. So, theresults are poor and the homeless people remain in a vicious circle. Regarding the growingtrend of homelessness in Iran, to act effectively it is necessary to study different aspects ofhomelessness in Iran and to consider the successful experiences of other countries, and onthe bases of these considerations and investigations make comprehensive laws and policies inthe level of parliament in a way that steps and chains of action against homelessness, tasks ofdifferent institutions and sources for action clearly defined and can be monitored.

Promoting gender equality is one of the critical goals of an efficient economy and humandevelopment strategies. Studies show a worldwide gender inequality; so it is essential tounderstand the factors affecting gender inequality, including Information and CommunicationsTechnology (ICT). Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is to examinethe impact of the ICT Development Index (IDI) and its components, including access, use,and skill on the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in a selected 62 developing and developedcountries over the 2007-2015 period. The findings of this study in a dynamic combinationdata and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) indicate the negative impact of IDI andall three components on the GII in the countries under study. Also, the effect of the accesscomponent on reducing the GII is more than other components of IDI

The sustainable competitiveness of every city and region has an unbreakable relationship with the identity and identical contexts of that area. Contexts factors, as valuable indigenous elements, can be a significant place in the redefinition of urban competitiveness and entrepreneurship. Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can be create the desirable economy future. The purpose of this research is to definition the role of identical contexts in urban competition and how to create competitive advantage in the context of an analytical and documentary research with an underlying strategy. Contextual competitive advantages can be defined in the natural, geographical, historical, physical, cultural, social, economic, scientific and sports contexts. Contexts are a set of intrinsic and inseparable elements of phenomena, the emergence of their identity. The contexts of cities and regions are a constructive dimension of spatial, temporal, cultural, social, and other existing components. These areas represent the dynamic identity of cities and regions over time and space and are characterized by their differentiation. Identifying and focusing and emphasizing the value of identity of cities and regions in terms of capability and sustainability can help to improve their compatibility. In other words, the Contexts of growth, progress and competitiveness of the power of cities and regions. The most important strategies presented are: Rehabilitation and improvement of the condition of the Lake Urmia and its branding in the natural and tourist and scientific aspects - Branding of architectural, historical, cultural and sporting places in Urmia-Hosted by national and international scientific, cultural, artistic and sport events- Comprehensive tourism infrastructure development Region, especially ways and services of recreation, recreation, texture and buildings and historical buildings of Urmia for tourists-the construction of a brand house for each of the unique goods of Lake Urmia, Urmia Quotes and Halvah, Urmia Urban Places and Urban Spaces - Social and cultural and artistic circles of poetry and poetry and indie music - the development of space High-quality greenery - Elimination of legal barriers and improving the political and human rights of Iran and Urmia at the national and international levels - Organizing and functioning of the city of Urmia and its surroundings - Branding and promoting the competitive ability of the volleyball gym - creating the route of tourism and the homes of the tribes and Religions - The definition of Urmia’s competitive vision based on the natural, historical and cultural competitive advantages.

In urban sociology, one of the recent responses to “the quality of future cities” is the idea of“creative cities”. The concept of the creative city has generally been used as a form of strategic planning. This idea, as stated in Landry and Florida’s views, is inevitably tied to widespread changes in the economic and social order. The “Creative City” is one of the theoretical efforts that describe and recommend the future of the world’s metropolises with an emphasis on creative class and creative economy. In this study, using the scenario planning based on critical uncertainties, we tested the question of what the future scenarios of Tehran are for creative development. In response, the two key uncertainties extracted, using the two-step Delphi Method, are “increase or decrease in the importance of citizen participation, social and cultural capital”, and “the development of new businesses or the existing industries”. The scenarios resulting from the intersection of these two uncertainties are “creative Tehran”, “industrial Tehran”, “unstable creativity”, and “turbulent Tehran”. To shape a creative city, the best scenario is the first one, “creative Tehran”, and the worst scenario is the last one, “turbulent Tehran”. In the latter scenario, the importance of citizens’ participation and the social and cultural capital not only is lost, but the environmental pollution and the social damage in Tehran will also be worsened by the development of existing industries.